SPIRITUALITY AND STRUGGLE: THE TWO FACES OF SUFISM IN ABDUL QADIR AL-JILANI AND AL-JAZAIRI

Abstract

Sufism in Islamic history has demonstrated a diversity of expressions, encompassing not only spiritual practices but also responses to socio-political challenges. However, many studies still separate the contemplative and activist dimensions in analyzing Sufism. This article aims to explore and examine the two faces of Sufism embodied by Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani and Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jazairi: spirituality and struggle. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research design, drawing from primary texts and relevant secondary literature concerning the thoughts of both figures. The findings indicate that al-Jilani emphasizes purification of the soul, closeness to God, and moral development as forms of classical, contemplative Sufism. In contrast, al-Jazairi integrates Sufi values into anti-colonial resistance, upholding ethics and humanity in the struggle. Both figures present Sufism as a foundation for character formation, albeit through different contexts and expressions. The conclusion affirms that Sufism has two complementary dimensions: deepening the inner self and inspiring moral-social engagement. The article’s main contribution lies in broadening the perspective on Sufism as both a spiritual and transformative force in contemporary reality.