REKONSTRUKSI WASIAT WAJIBAH BERBASIS MAQASID SYARIAH SEBAGAI DIALEKTIKA HUKUM KELUARGA PROGRESIF

Abstract

This paper aims to reconstruct the concept of mandatory will (wasiat wajibah) within Indonesian Islamic family law by integrating maqasid al-shariah and progressive legal theory. Using a qualitative normative-legal doctrinal approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations (Compilation of Islamic Law/KHI Article 209), Religious Court decisions, classical fiqh literature, and contemporary maqasid studies. The findings reveal that KHI Article 209 remains limited in accommodating non-traditional families, such as adopted children, stepchildren, and reconstituted families, leading to substantive injustice in inheritance distribution. Court decisions show significant disparities: some judges adhere to literal interpretations of KHI, while others adopt progressive reasoning based on maslahah (public interest), socio-economic considerations, and substantive justice. This study proposes a reconstruction model of mandatory will based on maqasid principles (ḥifẓ al-nasl, ḥifẓ al-māl, ḥifẓ al-nafs) and progressive legal hermeneutics, which includes: (1) flexible identification of beneficiaries (adopted children, stepchildren, and socially entitled family members); (2) proportional formulation based on maslahah rather than rigid 2:1 gender ratios; (3) integration of progressive legal mechanisms allowing contextual judicial considerations; and (4) application of substantive justice and maslahah principles to reduce inheritance disputes. This model offers a family justice framework that bridges normative texts, classical jurisprudence, and contemporary social realities, ensuring more adaptive, responsive, and just Islamic family law in Indonesia.