Kekuasaan Politik dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Komparasi Konsep Ḥākimiyyah Sayyid Qutb dan Syūrā Muhammad Abduh

Abstract

This article examines the concept of power politics in the interpretation of the Qur'an through a comparative analysis of the thoughts of Sayyid Qutb and Muhammad Abduh. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library research approach and comparative interpretation analysis. The primary data of the research is sourced from the tafsir of Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān by Sayyid Qutb and Tafsīr al-Manār by Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha. The study is focused on the interpretation of political verses related to power, trust, justice, and deliberation, especially QS. al-Nisā’/4: 58 about trust and justice and QS. al-Syūrā/42: 38 about the principle of deliberation in government. The results of the study show that both figures view power as a mandate that must be carried out based on the principles of justice and moral responsibility. However, there are fundamental differences in the construction of the two thoughts. Sayyid Qutb emphasizes the concept of ḥākimiyyah (sovereignty of God) and the importance of the comprehensive application of Islamic sharia as the basis for political legitimacy. On the contrary, Muhammad Abduh prioritizes a rational, reformist, and contextual approach through deliberation, community participation, and adjustment of Islamic principles to modern socio-political dynamics. This study concludes that Qutb's thought provides a normative-theological foundation for Islamic politics, while Abduh offers a more adaptive and participatory approach. Both perspectives make important contributions to the development of contemporary Islamic political discourse oriented towards justice, accountability, and societal welfare.